In May 1934, the Higher Education Council adopted the Habilitation Ordinance which granted HSG, at that time still an advanced commercial institute (‘Handelshochschule’), the right to award Habilitation (venia legendi). German commercial institutes also usually obtained the right to award post-doctoral teaching qualifications (e.g. Berlin 1915, Mannheim 1916) before obtaining the right to confer doctorates (Berlin 1926, Mannheim 1929). The first venia legendi was conferred on Dr. Robert Goldschmidt (1907-1965) in 1936.